In general,a network technology is called switched if the hardware includes an electronic device that connects to one or more computers and allows them to send and receive data from each other.More specifically,a switched LAN consisted of a single electronic device that transfers frames among many computers.As all we know that a switch resembles a hub,like a hub, a switch consists of a single box with multiple ports that each attach to a single computer.The main difference between a switch and a hub arises from the way the devices operates,a hub simulates a single shared medium while in the case of a switch it simulates a bridged LAN with one computer per segment.
If we talk about the chief advantage of using a switched LAN instead of a hub then the reason is same as that of using bridged LAN instead of a single segment.In the case of a hub a single segment is shared by all computers,that means at most two computers can communicate through hub at a time.Thus the maximum possible throughput of a hub system is R,the rate at which single computer can send data across a LAN segment.In the case of a switched LAN,each computer has a simulated LAN segment to itself that means the segment is busy only when a frame is being transferred to or from the computer.As a result,as many as one half of the computers connected to a switch can send the data at the same time(if they send to one of the computers that is not busy in sending).Thus,in this case the maximum throughput of a switch is RN/2 where R is the rate at which data transmits,and N is total number of computers that are connected to the switch.
If we talk about the chief advantage of using a switched LAN instead of a hub then the reason is same as that of using bridged LAN instead of a single segment.In the case of a hub a single segment is shared by all computers,that means at most two computers can communicate through hub at a time.Thus the maximum possible throughput of a hub system is R,the rate at which single computer can send data across a LAN segment.In the case of a switched LAN,each computer has a simulated LAN segment to itself that means the segment is busy only when a frame is being transferred to or from the computer.As a result,as many as one half of the computers connected to a switch can send the data at the same time(if they send to one of the computers that is not busy in sending).Thus,in this case the maximum throughput of a switch is RN/2 where R is the rate at which data transmits,and N is total number of computers that are connected to the switch.
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